U2205

__PETROLEUM QUALITY STANDARD__
The quality of fuel is regulated by the //Fuel Quality Standards Act 2000// (the Act) that places an obligation on the fuel industry, including fuel suppliers, to supply fuels that meet strict environmental requirements. The requirements are in place to reduce the adverse effects of motor vehicle emissions on air quality and human health, and to enable countries to effectively adopt new vehicle engine and emission control technologies. The Department of the Environment, Water, Heritage and the Arts is responsible for developing and enforcing a number of fuel quality standards made under the Act. Fuel quality standards have been set for Petrol, Diesel, Biodiesel and Autogas. Ethanol has a fuel quality information standard. A Diesohol standard and a standard for fuel grade ethanol are being considered. Monitoring is undertaken to ensure compliance with the standards. Penalties apply if standards aren't met. Emerging fuel quality issues include: Olefins; Racing Fuels; Ethanol; Review of the Fuel Quality Standards Act; Alternative and Renewable Fuels.
 * Petrol
 * Diesel
 * Biodiesel
 * Autogas

__ Petrol __
The standards have been implemented to reduce the amount of toxic pollutants in vehicle emissions, such as benzene and particles, with studies estimating reductions of up to 50 per cent for some pollutants over 20 years. This is great news for our health, with cleaner air helping to reduce the number of serious respiratory illnesses and asthma cases, particularly in children. A national fuel grade standard for ethanol that can be blended with petrol up to a maximum level of ten per cent was introducted on 28 June 2008. petrol standard is: ||~ Parameter ||~ National standard ||~ Grade ||~ Date of effect ||~ Test method || (no ethanol) || 1-Jan-02 || ASTM D4815 || (with ethanol) || 1-Nov-07 ||^  || (Methyl tertiary-butyl ether) || 1% by volume (max) || All grades || 1-Jan-04 || ASTM D4815 || (Di-isopropropyl ether) || 1% by volume (max) || All grades || 1-Jan-02 || ASTM D4815 || (Tertiary butyl alcohol) || 0.5% by volume (max) || All grades || 1-Jan-02 || ASTM D4815 || (3 hrs @ 50ºC) || Class 1 (max) || All grades || 16-Oct-02 || ASTM D130 ||
 * [|Fuel Standard (Petrol) Determination (as amended)]
 * Sulfur || 500 ppm (max) || ULP/LRP || 1-Jan-02 || ASTM D5453 ||
 * ^  || 150 ppm (max) || PULP ||   ||^   ||
 * ^  || 150 ppm (max) || All grades || 1-Jan-05 ||^   ||
 * ^  || 50 ppm (max) || PULP || 1-Jan-08 ||^   ||
 * Research octane number (RON) || 91.0 RON (min) || ULP || 1-Jan-02 || ASTM D2699 ||
 * ^  || 95.0 RON (min) || PULP ||^   ||^   ||
 * ^  || 96.0 RON (min) || LRP ||^   ||^   ||
 * Distillation || Final boiling point 210°C (max) || All grades || 1-Jan-05 || Not specified ||
 * Olefins || 18% pool average over 6 months with a cap of 20% || All grades || 1-Jan-04 || ASTM D1319 ||
 * ^  || 18% max by vol || All grades || 1-Jan-05 ||^   ||
 * Aromatics || 45% pool average over 6 months with a cap of 48% || All grades || 1-Jan-02 || ASTM D1319 ||
 * ^  || 42% pool average over 6 months with a cap of 45% || 1-Jan-05 ||^   ||^   ||
 * Benzene || 1% max by vol || All grades || 1-Jan-06 || ASTM D5580 ||
 * Lead || 0.005g/L (max) || All grades || 1-Jan-02 || ASTM D3237 ||
 * Oxygen || 2.7% m/m (max) || All grades
 * ^  || 3.9% m/m (max) || All grades
 * Ethanol [|*] || 10% v/v (max) || All grades || 1-Jul-03 || ASTM D4815 ||
 * Phosphorus || 0.0013g/L (max) || ULP, PULP || 1-Jan-02 || ASTM D3231 ||
 * MTBE
 * DIPE
 * TBA
 * Motor Octane Number (MON) || 85.0 (min) || PULP || 16-Oct-02 || ASTM D2700 ||
 * ^  || 81.0 (min) || ULP || 16-Oct-02 ||^   ||
 * ^  || 82.0 (min) || LRP || 16-Oct-02 ||^   ||
 * Copper Corrosion
 * Existent Gum (washed) || 50 mg/L (max) || All grades || 16-Oct-02 || ASTM D381 ||
 * Induction Period || 360 minutes (min) || All grades || 16-Oct-02 || ASTM D525 ||

Ethanol Standard ||
 * Standard for Ethanol (up to ten per cent ethanol blended with petrol)**
 * ~ Parameter ||~ Specification ||~ Date of effect ||~ Test Method ||
 * Acidity (as acetic acid CH3COOH) || 0.007% mass by mass || 28 June 08 || ASTM D1613 ||
 * Appearance || Ethanol must be clear and bright and visibly free of suspended or precipitated contaminants || 28 June 08 || ASTM D4806 ||
 * Copper || 0.1 mg/kg || 28 June 08 || ASTM D1688A (as modified in ASTM D4806) ||
 * Denaturant || Denaturant must be no less than 1% volume by volume and no more than 1.5% volume by volume || 28 June 08 || ASTM D5501 ||
 * Ethanol || Ethanol content must not be less than 95.6% volume by volume || 28 June 08 || ASTM D5501 ||
 * Inorganic Chloride || 32 mg/L || 28 June 08 || ASTM D512C (as modified in ASTM D4806) ||
 * Methanol || 0.5% volume by volume || 28 June 08 || ASTM D5501 ||
 * pHe || pHe value must be no less than 6.5 and no more than 9.0 || 28 June 08 || ASTM D6423 ||
 * Solvent washed gum || 5.0 mg/100 ml || 28 June 08 || ASTM D381 ||
 * Sulfate || 4 mg/kg || 28 June 08 || ASTM D4806 Annex 1 ||
 * Sulfur || 30 mg/kg || 28 June 08 || ASTM D5453 ||
 * Water || 1.0% volume by volume || 28 June 08 || ASTM E203 ||

__References__ http://www.environment.gov.au/atmosphere/fuelquality/standards/index.html http://www.environment.gov.au/atmosphere/fuelquality/publications/pubs/fuel0900.pdf__